The ancestors of the Chinese nation, the pen should be hailed as one of the "four treasures" by the Chinese literati brush. Brush for the Chinese nation for thousands of years, leaving behind numerous the correction SILK CUT, Gone with the Wind, if fleeting, "calligraphy treasures. But the curve of the European text, do not quite fit with a soft brush to write the end of the brush and like other ancient Chinese invention as to the West.
历史沿革
Writing brush The origin of the brush can be traced back to the Neolithic period. 1980 Shaanxi Lintong Jiang Zhaicun explore a 5,000 years ago tombs unearthed relics concave inkstone pestle coloring matter and earthenware cups. Identifiable traces of brush depicted from the painted pottery ornamentation pattern, confirmed in five or six years ago, has been a brush or similar brush pen. Oracle bone inscriptions in hieroglyphs of the pen, the shape of like holding a pen. The Hunan Changsha left home mountains and Xinyang, Henan changtaiguan two Warring States Chu Tomb unearthed a bamboo-tube brush, brush kind of the earliest discovered. Unearthed in Changsha, Hunan pen, thick bamboo poles 0.4cm, rod length 18.5cm, nib is made of rabbit Arrow Hair, 2.5cm long, written caught in the head of split bamboo poles with silk thread wrapped around the bundle, coated with a layer of lacquer. From its production process and artifacts unearthed geographical distribution, the brush is widely used in the Warring States Period. Just not the name of unity. Han Xu Shen of "Dictionary", "Chu said Yu, Wu said that the non-legal, Yan that the whisk", "Qin said that the from Yu from bamboo records. History of Qin the Penpower made pen legend. Pass Montessori selection of rabbit hair, the bamboo pipes pens, pens method is a hollow pen into the hair chamber written wool plug in the cavity, brush plus protective the Otake sets, bamboo set on both sides of the central hollow, in order to take the pen. Montessori collectively referred to as the creation of the pen pen. Han Dynasty when the brush has entered a new stage of development. First, create a lettering pen, inlaid decoration processes, such as Gansu Wuwei grinding mouth sub-Eastern Han Dynasty tomb unearthed each one engraved with "for" and "White Horse history tiger brush; brush monograph produced writings, such as Han Yong pen Fu ", which is the history of Chinese Pen's first monograph, made comments to brush the choice of materials, production, function, and the end of history before the Han Dynasty text commentary; Third, there is a special form of the hairpin white pen. Han officials for Zoushi will, and often the end of the brush, pointed inserted in the hair or hats for ready access. The ritual also frequently in head hairpin pen to respectful. "White Horse as a" brush unearthed in the tomb of the left side of the head. To the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, Huzhou, Zhejiang emerged number of pens experts, such as Feng Ying Branch, Lu Wen-bao, Zhang Tianxi, goat hair production Yang Hao pen popular in the world, the Bank said the Lake pen. Since the Qing Dynasty, Huzhou has been the center of Chinese brush made. At the same time, other places have been found in many brand brush, Shanghai Li Ding and brush, the Lu'an for a vegetarian brush have awarded International Fair.
Origin In 223 BC, the Qin general Meng including leading the horses at war with the state of Chu in the Zhongshan area, both sides played very intense, the war dragged on for a long time. King of Qin to keep abreast of the situation on the battlefield Penpower To write regularly the fighting report delivered the King of Qin. They usually use sub-checked dipped in ink, and then to write in silk raw silk, very slow writing speed. Mongolia, including a military officer, has a belly full of literary talent. With the above-said fighting the kind of pen to write reports, often made him feel the impact of his thoughts. Kind of pen hard, dipped less ink, can not write the words you have to stop and then dipped dipped in ink, dripping drops, which would in turn very expensive silk dirty. Penpower on the initiation of the idea of the transformation of the pen, this time to write a lot of fighting and reports, this desire for more and more intense. Clearance of war, like Tool into the wild to hunt. One day, he hit a few wild rabbits back to the barracks. Hit the rabbit, carry heavy in the hands of a rabbit hold the tail on the ground, bloody traces of the winding dragged on the ground. "Penpower met, the mind could not help a move:" If the rabbit tail instead of ordinary pen to write, not better? " Back to the barracks, Penpower immediately cut a rabbit tail, it is inserted in a bamboo on, try to use it to write, but rabbit Maoyou Guang light, does not suck ink, write characters on silk and off,unlike look. Penpower tried a few times, or not, hey a silk wasted. Angrily, he threw it into the support rabbit pen in front of a pit full of rocks. Penpower and reconciled to defeat, still take the time to pondering other improvements. A few days later, he still did not find the right way. On this day, he walked out of the barracks, would like to let in fresh air. Have gone through a pit, when he saw the pit that support their own the rabbit pen "throw away". Penpower pick it up with your fingers squeezed the rabbit, found that rabbit hair wet stream of coat color becomes whiter and softer. Penpower, inspired, immediately ran back to the barracks a dip it into the ink, The rabbit tail this time they will become very "obedient", absorbing enough ink to write a word very smooth fonts is rounded up. It turned out that the rocks into a pit of water containing calcareous by alkaline water immersion, the rabbit becomes supple up. The pen is composed by bamboo pipes and rabbit, Penpower at the time the popular pen name "Fortunately," added a "bamboo" prefix, called it "stupid" (today abbreviated "pen"). The first brush is used to paint the Oracle strokes, and really write with a brush, may begin in the bamboo slips and silk brocade on the writing of the text.
Species classification The classification of the brush main points according to size, brush hair types, sources, shape, and so on. Depending on size can simply brush into: lower case, Kai, in BLOCK LETTERS. In accordance with the brush hair types can be divided into: Soft mm, hard-cents and cents and so on. Sources can be divided into: the tire brush wolf brush rabbit shoulder Zi Hao pen, deer brush, feather pen, brush duck, wool pen, pig brush, brush mouse, tiger brush, cattle ear cents Pen. (1) Yang Hao class. The nib is made of goat hair. Yang Hao pen soft, large amount of ink, the rounded thick dotted suitable for write performance. Than Langhao pen durable. Such document (s) Lake pen, the price is relatively cheap. Common capital letter T, Beijing mentioning (or pen), the front screen front, top front, front cover, banners, Yu-Sun, Magnolia Rui, Beijing quince. (2) Wolf-pen. The nib is made of weasel tail hair. Produced in the Northeast rat tail, said "North Langhao", "Off Dongliao Last. Wolf-Yang Hao Nekon pen Ting, should book painting, but not as good as Yang Hao pen and durable, the price is more expensive than Yang Hao. The common varieties Lanzhu, freehand, landscapes, flowers, leaves tendons, drapery, red beans, Seiko, deer Langhao painting (Wolf-added made of deer cents), leopard Langhao (Wolf-made leopard hair), The specially made Changfeng Langhao, super product Changfeng Langhao on. (3) Zihao. Written based on rabbit made of dark purple and bright color named. Such tall and straight and sharp, sharp, elastic is stronger than Langhao, produced in Anhui hare hair. (4) and cents. The nib is made of wool with two Goju different animal. The common types of sheep wolf and cents, sheep purple and cents, such as five-purple Wuyang, seven purple sheep. Such advantages both the strengths of the sheep Langhao pen, rigid moderate, prices are moderate, often used for calligraphy and painting. Types of harmonic style, heart style. The shape can be divided into: a round tip cents, ho. In addition, based on the length of the stroke, the brush has a long front, center, short front of the other, the different properties. The Long Feng easy draw graceful lines, short front is easy to make dignified lines thick, center, both painting landscapes appropriate to center. Depending on the size of the stroke, the brush is divided into small, medium and large models. Painting landscapes various models must be prepared, generally "landscape" (Langhao), "landscape" (Langhao) prepared a "white clouds", "white clouds" Yang Hao Pen prepare one, and then a the greater Yang Hao "bucket pen on it. Stroke sharp, suitable only for drawing thin lines, cracked, rub point Zhuoyong the good old pen. Some artists like to use a bald pen points, lines and do not have a vigorous and simple, innocent interest. Good brush, has a round, Qi, sharp, health four characteristics, using them operate freely. Brush with rinse to avoid damage to the ink dry. The general production of the raw material of the brush pen tube: gold, silver, ivory, glass, red sandalwood, Bamboo
The painter theory pen * Wen Zhenheng: "sharp", "Qi", "circle", "health", the four virtues of the pen. * ZHANG DAQIAN. Chang said the UK out of a watercolor brush is very valuable, is made from British cattle ear hairs, 2500 cattle ear cents a pound of cattle. Become the leader of milli-made brushes, suction plump and elastic. * Pan Tianshou: the Yang Hao circle Soft training, water content, stroke water slow, use dry ink wet ink, their strengths. Declared pen (Anhui xuancheng), Lake T (Huzhou in Zhejiang Province), two major centers of pens, history. Shanghai, Suzhou, Beijing, Chengdu and other production brush reputation. Produced brush the most famous places in the town of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, Wu County shanlian called Lake pen. Pen "four virtues", that is "sharp, Qi Yuan, Jian", which are detailed below: Tip: refers pen cents gather, end angle Swiss. Nib writing sharp edges prone easier vivid. Writers often called his "bald pen pen, but the pen tip into a bald pen, do the books look good and will lose. The purchase of a new pen hairs glue polymerization, it is easy to distinguish. Check the old pen, the pen is first wetting hairs gather can be resolved tip bald. Qi: mm flush with the tip of the nib Run On flatten. Cents Qi pressure usually of equal length, no gap, brush 10,000 mm Qi Li. Pen Run completely open buy less able to check this. Circle: means the pen cents a successful such as Zaohe the shape, plenty of hairs mean. Such as hairs sufficient when writing pen force is entirely satisfactory, and vice versa body lean, lack of pen force. Successful, brush stroke from round to wishful. Purchase, hairs glue gather, is not successful, a closer look will know. Health: that waist elastic; lift the pen cents after the weight, then restitution. Elastic pen, you can use it freely; Yang Hao strong general, rabbit hair, wolf hair elastic, book also strong Junba. On this point, press Run will be open pen reinstituted the front straight Kin.
Pay attention to choose hair The brush is a light and small items, but it contains cultural knowledge is not light, mainly written with hair and the production process. The main raw material for production of brush head is usually divided into the Langhao, Yang Hao, Zi Hao, Stone badger, chicken Langhao, bristles, mountain horse, become the leader of cents, with hairs grade quality is almost the same, but no matter what kind of animal hair, because these animal origin, variety, location, male and female, age and season of growth, the food we eat, where climate, soil and water and healthy development status and other factors. Wool: our Hakusan wool Origin many, the real estate quality goat hair length, hair shaft thickness, Feng Ying length value is not the same. Yangtze River Delta humid climate, lush, feeding a white goat, by the middle of the goat plush color white jade, the thickness of the hair shaft shapely, of Feng Ying slender tender Run transparent light-emitting, has always pushed for the production of a brush of the best. Especially along the Taihu Lake in Huzhou, Yixing, Wuxi, Suzhou and other regions by the middle of white goat wool quality is outstanding for the best of the best, which is the world-famous "Lake T. The wool harvesting season to the beginning of winter, before the beginning of spring. Winter, the lower the temperature, the better the quality of the harvest goat hair. Lamb production in the spring of that year, development to adopt Mao season, good goats, best quality weight 15kg sheep wool. Not castrated male goats mated recoverable to quality "light front hair, castrated male goats mating the hair quality is satisfactory. These "light front" hair, hair shaft stout straight cis, smooth, Feng Ying length, to show transparent white jade. From female goats be taken to the fine uniform quality "spike" hair, hair shaft, of Feng Ying slender tender Run, flexible, adopt a "spike" than the male goats hair good quality. Different the same goats hair mining, quality can be divided into a number of varieties, for example: in male goat neck and the back of the front hair light front, the rear of the back hair slender front legs hair known as the positive paw front, "Vice paw front". The same group of goats hair quality difference, not from all rams who can adopt the high-quality light front hair, all ewes who can adopt Rush hair, or some kind of a sheep a specific site must adopt standards of some kind of hair, the quality of the wool of goats varieties, food, climate, water and soil, and the healthy development of situation factors. Each type of hair is divided into a number of varieties in accordance with the hair quality level, super light front, A, B, C (a, b, c) level, D (external), these price levels differ greatly from each city pounds ranging in price from twenty or thirty dollars to several thousand. The above-mentioned D (endures grade) wool is no front bald, should not be making the brush head is a good raw material for making blankets, but equally useful endures making hair brush marketed entrap a considerable part of the consumers. Wolf-pen weasel tail wool from weasels and goats as affected by the climate, food and other factors, and thus the real estate weasel tail hair quality very different, not the same name. The weasel tail produced by the three northeastern provinces commonly known as "Northeast $ tail", also known as the "North End", "winter tail"; Shanhaiguan, Zhangjiakou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the production wolf tail commonly known as "Jingdong tail"; Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Ningxia, Anhui, Jiangsu and northern real estate commonly known as "hinterland tail", "Jiangbei tail"; weasel tail, along the Yangtze River south of real estate commonly known as "the end of the Yangtze River," also known as "South End". The wolf tail northeast Yuan Mei quality best hair length Jin Ting, expensive value. The Jingdong tail, followed by hinterland Last. Jiangnan and Jiangbei separated by a river, but in Jiangbei Jiangnan production weasel tail hair several times difference, Jiangnan Mei Mao Feng Ying production with short curly hair shaft bending, poor quality, the price is low. Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other real estate weasel tail hair quality is even worse, NA do Langhao pen, the market also this Langhao pen. Origin and hunting season the same male weasel tail hair than females weasel tail hair is thick and long the tail hair density, the hair shaft is stout and tall, well-proportioned thickness, Feng Ying slender, smooth feel, rigidity, usually selected do Langhao penpen column; female tail than the male tail short, sparse hair, hair shaft is thin and soft, Feng Ying delicate, rope hold echoing, feel smooth and soft, touching sense of satin, the color than the male tail tender light, usually selected do Langhao penwooly. With a weasel tail length of hair, rely on the root of the tail parts of the shortest, longer short of the middle of the tail, Feng Ying Ye Hao, hair shaft straight along the upright, just and strong Wolf-pen. Tipped tail hair is longer, but no front-ying, was bald like, strict requirements should not be making a brush. Be seen no matter what kind of animal hair must be carefully classified only by rating, Seiko secret agents of the brush to the boutique.
Production process Making brush nib raw wool, weasel tail hair, mountain rabbit, Stone badger hair, Hong raccoon hair is more, pig brown pony tail, oxtail, chicken feathers, rat whiskers, lanugo also widely used. Gross pen with bamboo, the bamboo (grilled red), black bamboo, owner (Xiangfei Zhu), Rohan bamboo, mahogany, horns, aggregate, ivory, jade lever is also useful, more luxurious. The production of various types of brush to go through the choice of materials, in addition to fat, ingredients, grooming, Dayton charges, volume header, picking Qi, bar-head, mounted head, repair dry, sticky front, lettering, lanyard and other processes. Be summed up in two processes commonly known as the "basin" (process) operating in the basin and "work" (with head, a dry repair anhydrous process). Basin step is to decide the use and quality of the brush, the nib required to achieve tip, Qi Yuan, Jian (known as the four virtues). Tip means the stroke tip cone, which will help hook flick; Qi refers to the spread of the stroke hair, Feng Mao flush, which will help even spit ink; circle refers to the ability to write cylinder round and full, cover hair evenly, writing fluently without split ends ; health stroke flexibility in writing painting will be revealed when the pen force. The decor of the brush is late in the work process. Including the pen lettering portrait relief, painting, mosaic, filigree, plus written Bowl, tail head, lanyard, reflecting richly elegant brush, some accessories also play the role of reinforcement pen.
Brush selection
Writing brush Pens, history has declared pen (Anhui xuancheng), Lake T (Huzhou in Zhejiang Province), two major centers. Shanghai, Suzhou, Beijing, Chengdu and other production brush reputation. Produced brush the most famous places in the town of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, Wu County shanlian called Lake pen. Good brush, have a tip, Qi Yuan, Jian four characteristics, using them operate freely. Tip: refers pen cents gather, end angle Swiss. Nib writing sharp edges prone easier vivid. Writers often called his "bald pen pen, but the pen tip into a bald pen, do the books look good and will lose.The purchase of a new pen hairs glue polymerization, it is easy to distinguish. Check the old pen, the pen is first wetting hairs gather can be resolved tip bald. Qi: mm flush with the tip of the nib Run On flatten. Cents Qi pressure usually of equal length, no gap, brush 10,000 mm Qi Li.Pen Run completely open to buy more difficult to check this. Circle: means the pen cents a successful such as Zaohe the shape, plenty of hairs mean. Such as hairs sufficient when writing pen force is entirely satisfactory, and vice versa body lean, lack of pen force. Successful, brush stroke from round to wishful.Purchase, hairs glue gather, is not successful, a closer look will know. Health: that waist elastic; lift the pen cents after the weight, then restitution.The pen stretch, you can use it freely; Generally, rabbit hair, wolf hair elastic Yang Hao strong, writing come in strong Junba. In this regard, Run will be open pen press reinstituted the front straight Kin. Four virtues is the function of the pen itself, the election pen should take into account the copying rubbings. The so-called "pen in a house, and write his word '. To determine used a pen, looking directly at his handwriting is the best way: style, Jian Jin, selected health cents; attitude Mei plump selection of flexible cents; Goju difficult to distinguish, the selection and cents . Also affect the characteristics of the pen to write calligraphy, calligraphy so that it can attain almost Wonderland. Another point is the font size, the write characters with large sums of minuscule small. The small write characters wearing pen can not transferred from such large sums of minuscule overkill.
Maintenance The brush should be washed immediately after I ink, to prevent stroke bond, should be linked to hang up in the pen, in order to maintain the flexibility of the stroke. In case of plot the ink bond or use a new pen, soaked in warm water available, not hard to tear loose or soaked with water, in order to avoid breaking the front, turn around. New pen should be loaded in the paper tray or wooden box and put some mothballs to prevent infestation. Often dry, to prevent mildew. (1) the opening of the new pen, the first to open the pen. Will buy back the pen to warm water to open, and the soaking time not too long, can be fully open to the stroke, not the pen root glial of open, otherwise it will become "out of the brush hairs are easy to fall off. Zi Hao hard, should be soaked in water for some time. (2) brush and ink before writing the necessary work can not take a dip pen ink will have to write. First water pen cents wet, immediately filed, not long dip, in order to avoid the pen root the plastic open. After the pen upside down until the stroke recovery toughness so far, probably tens of minutes. Save the pen must be dry, if not easily broken brush and ink, books, re-financing of the hairs are frustrated, become brittle, poor flexibility. (3) before it can start and write "into the ink" is also very learned. For the sake of uniformity, and the ink can bleed into the pen cents, the water must be first dry, you can pen light drag on absorbent paper until dry. The so-called "dry" is not completely dry, just go to the water to accommodate ink. "Pen inked one-third of the deep soaking to cents weak weakness", ink varies too dry, you can not operate freely, ink and more weakness waist up, are poor. (4) after writing is immediately wash pen. Ink gum, if not washed away, the pen cents will dry ink, glue strong bonding, then is not easy to melt away, and can easily wreck a pen cents. (5) After cleaning, the first pen cents I dry up the water and straighten out the same into the ink before. Then pen hanging on the carriage, I can water continues to drip until dry. It should be noted in a cool place to dry, to save the the pen cents prototype and characteristics, can not be exposed to sunlight. Save the essentials of the pen dried yet.
Use The tip of the brush stroke and vice cents. The so-called stroke is written center is a cluster of spiky part of the so-called vice cents, shorter hair wrapped around the stroke. Brush stroke and vice slightest waving a different role. Stroke is the most elastic pen cents, which determines the direction and intensity of the strokes, it is said of the "the Bifeng main bones". The light bones without flesh and blood calligraphy is not beautiful, ancient calligraphers writing not with stroke (and stroke and vice cents can not completely separate), to be used along with Deputy cents. Vice cents control the thickness of the strokes. Deputy cents more contact with the paper, plump strokes. So there are "Deputy cents abundance of flesh and blood," said. The calligraphers brush, always according to their own aesthetic to coordinate the use of stroke and vice cents. Value bones to thin King to the people of the United States, less vice cents; both bones and flesh, plump for the United States is bound by Vice cents. The tip of the brush, according to their location in general can be divided into three parts: the nib (Feng Ying Department), pens belly (middle part), pen root (pen meets). Then the pen tip to the pen that part of the belly divided into three equal portions, a pen is said to rely on the tip of the one-third of this period, this period known as the three-point pen from the pen belly to the tip, the middle part to the tip this period of the two sub-document . Obviously, using a pen strokes is slim, thin King. Such as the early Tang calligraphers Chu Sui-liang, Xue Ji often use this method. Huizong "thin gold book" is a prominent example; use dichotomy pen, the strokes it appears rounded, CSL. Late Tang Liu public power, the Yuan Dynasty the Zhao Mengshun multi using binary pen; using the three-point pen, it is plump, vigorous strokes. Tang Yen Chen-ching, Su Song. In general, the use of three-point pen writing pen limit. The ancients had a "pen but waist". Such as "over-waist" pen, one is prone to "ink pig", and stroke can not be brought bounce; easily lead to stroke split income rope; greatly shorten the life of the pen. Writing early, often prone to two extremes: one is afraid to shop mm stroke writing, word seemed frail and weak; wanton Shop cents, or root to write with a pen, the word bloated wart. So, early penmanship should first pay attention to the proper use of the pen position.
Appreciation of culture Brush utility, but with the socio-economic and cultural needs of production and variety of the brush to continuously improve, increase, process improvement, has improved steadily and fine brush, and gradually become the antiquities of the collection, appreciation curios. The brush is not easy to preserve the pen cents practical perishable, brush appreciation from the shape of the pen cents, or focus on the decorative means strong, colorful, rich in content pen tube. The shape of the pen cents for writing, painting needs improvement to improve. The ancients made of bamboo shoots style pen cents, is China's traditional name, is of short-Feng Yang Hao and cents Pens. Front short and stubby body, shaped like a bamboo-like. Feng abdominal rough shape, off the paper easily dignified thick. In addition to the practical, giving to the appreciation of the fun. Another example is made of orchid type pen cents in China and also one of the traditional brush category. Written mellow, delicate white and pure, like wrapped in Magnolia, giving a sense of beautiful ornamental, pleasing fast. Ancient there is a name, made the pen cents Gourd, and cents rounded Kennedy also strong. Appreciation and collection of objects from the barrel, it will often treasure of gems brush tube for the decoration of the United States or to boast of their wealth and power and status. Such as: the Qing Emperor Qianlong forty-three years (AD 1778) Tangbing Jun the room four test drawings "Volume" pen ", said:" Chinese Pen, carved in gold, decorated with and the walls decorated with beads, Sui, man Pei Chui tube non-text rhinoceros will ivory, extremely is Huali Yi. "brush, painting tools, some concept of play works of art for appreciation. Narrative barrel decorative reached perfect Seiko has improved appreciation of the conditions. Such as: the ancient craftsmen can take advantage of a barrel less than inch circumference, depicting, engraved clever landscape character delineate rocks sea momentum, enough to show a unique decorative taste. To the appreciation of the conditions. The collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Ming Dynasty black paint, lacquered depiction Un Yong Kim, dragon and phoenix, Ssangyong tube pen is an example. Brush tube, pen loops are painted with black lacquer, with lacquered depicting mountains, the sea, Yunlong playing with a pearl pattern. Sea rough, towering rocks, during which the waves hit the rocks, the great everywhere, a few strokes, lays out the high school even better mood, bring black dragon flying volley the cloud vault playing with a pearl, magnificent. Combined with lacquered depicted in fine, bright colors and harmonious picture composition hierarchy, precise layout. The barrel and cap of a pen gold buckle, adding to the sense of Furama expensive. Written coat is smooth, rounded and sturdy hoist Feng-Jian cone, beautiful and tall and straight, the four virtues comprehensive clever system Seiko tip, Qi Yuan, Jian, the Ming Dynasty pens The Positive treasures handed down four treasures, brush appreciation dilute material. Therefore, the focus of the appreciation of the brush is to look at the materials and the barrel of the pen tube decorated with paintings, sculpture, mosaic art level. Materials and decoration on, the value is high. Identify ancient pen, first save the relics and each era of the ancient history of the pen to do systematic understanding, knowledge, grasp the rich cultural connotations. Distinguish between the history of the pen cap lower limit, the distinction between the pen areas, grasp the characteristics of the era pens famous distinguish civil production, or the court of the Royal supplies, or the court of Imperial, intrauterine stereotypes folk as a tribute, or court Office was homemade. Second, look at the pen cents damage. And then focus on the pen tube decorative, engraved pens famous celebrity gift language and inscriptions. Celebrity age division, have a rich scientific and cultural knowledge, has a rich literary level, in order to identify the celebrity Verse text, go to identify a Heritage era, which reflects the value of heritage. Each of the artifacts in various historical periods have fake fake goods appear only enrich their knowledge, common consensus, will improve their understanding of the ability to identify an open mind to someone else.